• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    1526528 Fluid shattering of rock ATLAS COPCO AB 20 Sept 1976 [19 Sept 1975] 38927/76 Heading E1F [Also in Divisions B5 and F3] A method of breaking a hard compact material, e.g. in situ rock, comprises accelerating an elongate body 11 of relatively incompressible fluid to reach a velocity of sufficient magnitude that when directed into a cavity 12 in the material to impact against a surface of the cavity the material surrounding the cavity will be broken up by the pressure pulse created at the zone of impact of the fluid body as the kinetic energy of the body is destroyed. The fluid may be a liquid, a plastic material or a mixture of solids and liquids. Specified examples of such fluids are water, lead and Plasticine (R.T.M.). The fluid body may be directed against the bottom of the cavity or wholly or -partially against one or more portions of the side of the cavity, which may be a pre-drilled hole. Preferably the fluid body may have a length of 0.2 to 2.0m, may be wholly or partially confined by a rupturable capsule, may have a cross section diameter of between 70-100% of the free cross section diameter of the cavity or hole, and may be so accelerated as to have a terminal velocity of between 100 to 300 m/sec. Apparatus 10 used to accelerate the required body of fluid of the method preferably comprises a barrel 13, a back head 14 screwed into the rear of the barrel and having a check valved passage for the feeding of fluid into the barrel, a charge chamber 16 for a power fluid, e.g. pressurised air or a like gas, for accelerating the body of fluid, when released against the rear of said fluid body by appropriate actuation of a valve 17 associated with the chamber 16. The barrel may extend into the hole, may then terminate in a laterally deflecting plug. and may be provided with venting means for venting the air volume in front of the fluid body in the barrel.
    公开号:SU934915A3
    申请号:SU762401805
    申请日:1976-09-17
    公开日:1982-06-07
    发明作者:Волмар Лавон Эрик
    申请人:Атлас Копко Актиеболаг /Фирма/；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    (54) METHOD FOR PREVENTING MOUNTAIN BREEDS AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

    The invention relates to methods of rock breaking, especially rock, by impulse pressure of a liquid and devices for its implementation.
    The known methods of breaking rock 6, which involve drilling holes and blasting explosive charges in them, have several disadvantages. In particular, they are manifested in noise generation, gas formation, dust and the formation of flying clouds. Machines and maintenance personnel must be evacuated from the blasting area.
    In addition, the known methods of rock blasting require large crushing forces and are associated with significant wear of the drilling tool.
    During the last decade, attempts have been made to replace traditional methods of drilling holes and blasting explosive charges in them during tunneling, mining, and similar operations. 25
    One such attempt involves the use of high-speed jets of water or other liquid to create cracks in the rock and to destroy it. For this purpose, several types of devices were proposed for the formation of pulsating liquid jets, containing a cylinder with a gas and hydraulic chambers and a piston placed in it, accelerated by compressed gas and indicating a "impact of the liquid that was ejected through a cone-shaped jet nozzle. For hard rock, the velocity of the jet of fluid that is necessary to destroy the rock is of the order of
    15 20OO m / s.  However, until now, devices for blasting jets are still unable to compete with traditional methods of rock blasting, including drilling and blasting, in the speed of advancement, energy consumption and total production costs.  More seriously, serious technical problems remain, such as fatigue of parts under pressure of 10 or 20 kilobars and an increased level of noise during the work.  Also known is an older method of crushing rock, which involves drilling a well in the rock and creating water pressure in it statically or dynamically.  In this case, water is supplied to the well until the cracks and vapors in the walls of the well are filled with water.  Then the water supply to the well increases with step transitions.  The breed cannot absorb this suddenly supplied large amount of water and, therefore, a destructive force is generated in the well, causing the crushing of the rock.  A closer technical solution to the present invention is a method of rock breaking, in which portions are formed in the rock and act on its walls with an impermeable pressure relative to an incompressible fluid, for example, water, which is created as a result of a collision of a moving fluid with the walls of a subdue GBZ.  A device for carrying out the method includes a chamber for accumulating a relatively non-combustible liquid reservoir, in particular water, and a device for accelerating a liquid in the form of an elongated impact body, having a chamber for (accumulation of compressed gas C.  The known method allows to increase. the effectiveness of the destruction of rocks due to the fact that the force of impact of a jet on a concave obstruction almost twice exceeds the force of an impact of a jet of fluid on a flat obstacle.  However, this method is applicable to the destruction of relatively weak rocks in particular, such as coal, which limits its use.  The purpose of the invention is to increase in a noticeable way the efficiency of rock breaking, in particular rock rock, the set goal. achieved by the fact that the cavities in the rock are made by mechanical drilling of cylindrical holes, the liquid outside the hole is formed as a liquid piston or a column, after which it is accelerated before the impact with the walls of the hole with a moment sufficient to break the rock and form in it a liquid trap. give a length of 0.2-2.0 m and a speed of 100-300 m / s.  In doing so, the liquid piston is guided to collide with the bottom of the drill hole through a pipe or hose inserted into it.  The liquid piston is fully or partially deflected in the transverse direction and for collision with a portion of the wall of the drill hole.  The tube or hose is inserted into the bore hole with an outlet end and is stirred in close proximity to the bottom of the bore hole. Form a liquid in the form of a liquid piston with a diameter of 7–100% of the diameter of a well.  Device For carrying out the method, there is a tube or hose connected to the chamber with a liquid, the internal cross section of which is 70-100% of the free cross-sectional diameter of the drill hole, and an adjustment device connected to the tube or hose to position its output end on one straight line. with a drill hole.  The pipe or hose at the outlet end is connected to the vent insert for.  deviations of the liquid piston in the transverse direction to the wall of the drill hole.  In this case, the pipe and the hose and deflector insert are made in the form of a single unit with a side outlet.  To release a volume of air ahead of the moving fluid piston, the pipe or hose is provided with ventilating means.  Fig. 1 shows a device for implementing the proposed method; FIG. 2 is the same on an enlarged scale (part of the device); in fig.  3 shows another variant of the device for implementing the proposed method; Figs, 4 and 5, the placement of the output end of the pipe or hose device relative to the drilling.  go hole; On Phi 6 and 7 - types of self-propelled drilling rig, carrying device; in fig.  8 is a projectile filled with liquid, used in the device, Device 1, for forcibly pumping fluid in the form of a piston or column 2 into a pre-drilled cylindrical blind hole 3, which is drilled using standard drilling equipment (in this version a column of repulsive fluid CG consists of water, however, it can be used with other types of liquids); the pipe 4 is centered by the adjusting device with respect to the borehole 3 so that its outlet opening is located directly in front of the inlet opening of the borehole 3.  The rear head 5 of the device is provided with a channel 6 passing through it.  . Fluid is supplied to pipe 4 through channel 6, while a shut-off valve 7 in channel 6 prevents liquid from flowing out of pipe 4. The back chamber 8 for the working fluid is located around the back of the pipe. 4, Squeezed air or other compressed gas is used to accelerate the liquid piston 2.  Plate 9 is inserted between the compressed gas and the liquid piston 2 (FIG.  1 and 2).  It is intended to keep the liquid piston 2 unchanged in shape in order to prevent the appearance of so-called fingers in it when high-pressure air acts on the surface of the water.  The plate 9 can be inserted into the pipe 4 by unscrewing the rear hinge 5, then the liquid is injected through the channel 6 and from the plate in the plate 9, which is located coaxially with it.  In another case, the plate 9 can be made without any hole when the liquid can be injected into a pipeline (not shown) which runs radially relative to the pipe 4.  Under certain circumstances, plate 9 may be absent, for example, when creating a liquid piston 2 of sufficient length and regulating the supply of pressurized air by means of a slide valve 1O, which can be moved by supplying control air to either of the two channels 11, 12 .  Moving the spool 10 to the position shown in FIG.  2, the gas under pressure in the chamber 8 acts on the rear end surface of the liquid piston 2 through the plate 9, causing it to accelerate.  Continuous acceleration of the liquid piston 2 occurs in the process of its movement through the pipe 4 due to the expansion of the gas under pressure in the chamber 8.  The accelerated fluid piston 2 leaves the pipe 4, is fired into the borehole 3.  The volume of air in the pipe 4, which is in front of the liquid piston n 2, is ventilated through the gap between the pipe 4 and the rock.  When the liquid piston 2 covers the bottom of the borehole 3, | it instantly creates a high pressure and the pressure of the fluid flow (shock pressure of the fluid) is, where P is the density of the fluid; C is the speed of sound in a given fluid; V is the fluid velocity at impact into the bottom of the borehole.  This pressure will act on the center and walls of the well, if it is tipeBbmiaTb linear tensile strength of the rock, then conditions for the formation of cracks will not be created.  These cracks propagate dapishche if the liquid is forced to leak and overflow the cracks during the time of creating an overpressure, while the kinematic energy or impulse of the force of the liquid piston is consistently expended, however, for the continuous propagation of the craters when the area increases, all the more low pressure.  Fully crushing or crushing occurs when, at Niepe, three cracks propagate before they intersect the detected surface of the bottom (exit to the surface).  Therefore, for complete breaking it requires, on the one hand, a sufficiently high pressure in the well, t, e.  determined. the minimum speed of the liquid piston and, on the other hand, a sufficient amount of liquid so that a large number of cracks could propagate in the direction of the exposed surface of the bottom.  Since the diameter of the liquid piston is approximately the same as the diameter of the borehole, the last requirement means that the liquid piston must have a length greater than a certain value, which depends on the depth of the borehole of the estimated resistance line and the distance between the boreholes.  The kinetic energy of a piston fluid is represented by the equation E i / l-A-U-V} where p is the density of the liquid piston; A is the cross-sectional density of the liquid piston; .  L is the length of the liquid piston; V is the speed of the liquid piston.  In practice, the required pressure in the drilling squall and energy depend on the influence of several other factors.  The required pressure is reduced due to the presence of natural fracturing in the rock, as a result of which a large amount of fluid must be supplied to the well to compensate for its leakage through these natural fractures.  Higher pressure and greater energy are required for the formation of cracks in stronger rock.  For example, when rock rock is being crushed, more pressure and more energy is required when funnel-forming rock is compared to the inferior. The speed of the liquid piston (using WATER) is 1OO 300 m / s, and the kinetic energy is 500-2OOJ.  In order to obtain the indicated speeds and energy, a length of 0.2 to 2.0 meters is attached to the fluid piston.  The optimal length of the piston depends on the depth of the well, the diameter and design of the lowest resistance.  In the case of the repetition method, fractures are required to occur at the bottom of the well and propagate in the direction of the rock surface.  However, there are two difficulties.  If the rock is of the same strength and the well is made without a sharp bottom edge and angles that cause the concentration of local stresses, then fractures occur randomly in a wellbore throughout the entire pressure range.  The fractures that are located closest to the inlet of the well are most easily propagated, since the thinner the rock layer between the well inlet and the bottom surface, the less force is required to deform it.  As a result, rock breaking does not occur to the full depth of the well.  This difficulty can be overcome by drilling a well so that the transition between its bottom part and the wall becomes so acute that concentration of local stresses is obtained. so that cracks could arise and spread from this zone depending on the creation of overpressure, for which it is necessary that the rock is uniform and of equal strength.  However, in practice, the appearance of older, naturally occurring cracks disrupts the process.  One of the ways to eliminate these difficulties is to insert pipe 4 into the buoyer well 3 approximately half of its r-club.  FIG.  Figure 3 shows the blasting mode in which, from the level of the borehole 3, it can be arbitrarily oriented relative to the device 1 for supplying fluid.  A pipe in the form of a hose 13 is inserted into the well 3.  The liquid piston 2 is accelerated by the gas in chamber 8 towards the bottom of the well 3.  The volume of air that is enclosed between the fluid piston 2 and the bottom of the well 3 is vented through the passage 14.  Air ventilation can also be carried out through-.  cutting space between the hose 13 and the wall of the borehole 3 or with the help of a device (not shown) for suctioning air that is located around the hose 13 at the inlet of the borehole 3.  The axial position of the hose 13 and the hole break 3 may vary.  In particular, the outlet of the hose 13 may be positioned directly opposite the inlet of the borehole 3.  FIG.  Figure 4 shows an embodiment of pipe 4 (or hose 13), providing the effect of directional cracking or breaking of rock.  Directional cracking may be applied in a backlash when the blasting is in the direction of the exposed bottom surface 15.  The pipe 4 is partially cut off at the front end to form an outlet 16 directed toward the side.  The side wall of the pipe 4, located opposite the outlet 16, is reinforced in the form of a deflector insert 17. In accordance with the mode of operation, the propagation of cracks occurs in the direction in which the outlet 16 is oriented.  Thus, the outlet 16 is directed toward the exposed surface 15 of the bottom and, thereby, more efficient use of the energy of the liquid piston is achieved.  FIG.  Figure 5 shows another variant of the proposed device for obtaining a directional cracking effect.  The deflection insert 18 is constructed as a separate unit, which is inserted into the borehole 3, adjacent to its bottom.  The device (FIG.  4) can be modified in various ways to obtain the effect of fracturing in the desired direction.  By eliminating the insert 17, the crack propagation will occur in a downward direction, 99 as well as to the side, due to the letter 16.  By arranging several holes around the outer periphery of the pipe 4, the effect of fracturing occurs in the optimal number of directions.  When using relatively easily flowing liquids, it is sometimes difficult to ensure that the liquid completely, or at least for the most part, acts as a piston during its delivery to a pre-drilled well, especially if the well is deep relative to the diameter of the Device variant (FIG.  8} eliminates this kind of difficulty.  The fluid is encased in a shell 19 of any material that is easily broken by the pressure caused by the collision of the liquid piston 2 with the bottom of the borehole 3.  This material can be cardboard or plastic.  On ({ig.  6 and 7 show a drilling rig carrying the device shown in FIG.  3 .  Drilling unit contains chassis 20 on tracks 21 of which is mounted folding boom 22.  The boom 22 may be deflected to the sides as well as raised and lowered relative to the chassis 2O.  The collapsible boom 22 carries at its free end a psuction mechanism 23 with a drilling machine 24 for the formation of wells in the rock, which is reciprocated along the guides of the conveying mechanism 23.  The drilling machine is adapted to communicate the impact to the drill rod 25 during its simultaneous rotation.  Caterpillars 21 also carry a device (hose) 13.  The hose 13 extends along the boom 22 and is connected to it to absorb the inertial forces arising in the process of advancing the liquid piston 2 through this hose.  Front end of the hose 13.  connects to feed guide mechanism 23.  The hose 13 is mounted on the guide in such a way that it stands for it by an amount corresponding to the length of the hose that it will be inserted into the borehole 3.  The feed guide mechanism 23 presses against the rock surface so that the pressing force exceeds the reaction force acting on the hose during the passage of the liquid piston 2.  This installation works as follows.  5 TO A drilling hole 3 is drilled by a machine 24 in the rock that is to be crushed.  Then, the outlet of the hose 13 is guided to the hole of the borehole 3 by means of the adjusting device of the folding boom 22.  The liquid piston 2 is accelerated by the compressed gas in the device 1 to the speed that is required to create the conditions for the formation of cracks in the rock, and is directed to the previously drilled borehole 3.  Device (see  FIG.  6 and 7) can be used to achieve the effect of the directional fracture shown in FIG.  4 and 5.  In this case, the defective insert 18 (FIG.  5) is attached to the guiding feed mechanism 23 ak so that it is inserted into the borehole 3 at the same time as the hose 13 is installed coaxially with the borehole 3.  Conducted several experiments with the above devices.  It is shown that the required force pressure in the charging chamber 8 can be significantly reduced if the effect of directional crackling is used (Fig.  4 and 5).  When conducting one test, the equipment shown in FIG.  1 and 5, where the length 4 is 1200 mm.   4 point at an angle of about 45 ° upwards.  The depth of the borehole 3 is 16 mm and its diameter is 41 mm.  The ratio between the diameter of the pipe 4 and the borehole 3 is O, 78.  A step-down breakout is performed (the calculated line of least resistance is 250 mm) by means of a water piston having a length of the order of 5OO mm and a force pressure in the chamber of 8 of the order of 1OO bar.  The above theoretical considerations regarding the conditions that must be met in order to obtain a neat sampling do not take into account the effect caused by compressing the volume of air enclosed between the liquid piston and the bottom of the borehole.  Studies of this pressure in simulated boreholes show that the possible compression of air volume has a positive effect on the blasting process, especially with regard to the formation of cracks.  The compression effect decreases when the ratio of the relative cross-sectional areas of the liquid piston AND well becomes smaller. (It has been established that effective breaking is obtained if the fluid pore has a cross-section diameter of 70-1OO% of the diameter of the free cross-section of the borehole.  By the diameter of the free cross section, it is meant the diameter of the empty borehole or the internal diameter of the hose or pipe when such are inserted into the borehole.  Preferably, the diameter of the liquid piston should be more than 8O% of the diameter of the free cross-section of the well, and preferably be equal to it.  The invention may also be applied to obtain a break at intervals of a delay.  By varying the length of the pipe itself between it and the borehole, the required delay interval is obtained.  Where the distance of even resistance is 2OO-4OO mm, the suitable interval can be within 12 ms.  If the water piston velocity is 2OO m / s, this means that the lengths of the pipes vary so that the stage is 0.2-0.4 m.  Formula inventions.  one.  The method of rock breaking, in which cavities are formed in the rock and impinges on its walls with a pulse pressure of an incompressible fluid, for example, water, which is created as a result of a collision of the moving fluid with the walls of the cavity, characterized in that in particular rock, the recesses in the rock are made by mechanical drilling of cylindrical holes, the liquid outside the hole is formed as a liquid piston or a column and accelerates it before impact. with the walls of the holes with a time sufficient for breaking rock and forming cracks in it.  2 The method according to claim.  1, that is, with the fact that the liquid piston has a length of 0.2–2.0 m and a speed of 100– 300 m / s.  3 The method according to paragraphs.  1 and 2, in that the liquid piston is guided to collide with the bottom of the drill hole.  four. The method according to paragraphs.  1-3, characterized in that the liquid nop-s ,.  The string is guided into the drill hole through a pipe or hose inserted into it.  five. The method according to paragraphs.  1, 2 and 4, characterized in that the liquid piston is fully or partially deflected in the transverse direction to collide with a portion of the wall of the drill hole.  6 The method according to paragraphs.  4-5, characterized in that the pipe or hose is inserted into the drill hole with an outlet end and placed. him in close proximity to the bottom of the drill hole.  7 The method according to paragraphs.  1-6, about tl and h. This is because they form a liquid in the form of a liquid piston with a diameter of 70-1OO% of the diameter of the well.  eight. A device for rock breaking, comprising a chamber for accumulating a relatively incompressible fluid, in particular water, and a device for accelerating a fluid in the form of an elongated impact heat, having a chamber for storing compressed gas, which is provided with a liquid tube or hose, the internal cross section of which is 70-100% of the free cross-sectional diameter of the drill hole, and an adjusting device connected to the pipe and pi with a hose to place it in Khodnev end on a straight hole with the drill.  9. The device according to claim.  8, characterized in that the pipe or hose at the downstream end is connected to the deflection insert to deflect the fluid in the direction perpendicular to the wall of the drill hole.  ten. The device according to claim.  9, characterized in that the pipe or hose and deflector insert are made in the form of a single unit with a side outlet.  eleven. Device on PP.  8-10, characterized in that the pipe or sleeves are provided with a ventilating means for discharging a volume of air in front of the moving liquid piston in the pipe or hose.  Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. U.S. Patent No. 3,412,554, Cl.  6O-54. 5, publish.  1970.  2 German Patent No. 241966, cl.  5В37 / 12, published.  191O,
    13 ..93491514
    3. USSR author's certificate4, USSR author's certificate
    No. 345276, cl. E 21 C 25/60, 1969 (prototype).
    NO 154843, cl. E 21 C 25/60, 1961 (prototype).
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    Formula · .1 invention, method of breaking rock in which the recesses formed in the rock and its effect on the wall 5 March nym pulse pressure relatively incompressible fluid, such as water, which is created as a result of collisions with the walls moving fluid recess, wherein that from 40 to improve the efficiency of breaking rock, in particular rock, grooves in the rock is effected by mechanical drilling holes cylindrical fluid outside the hole 45 is formed as a liquid piston or post and dispersing it to the collision with the walls of the holes with a time sufficient for breaking rock and formation of cracks therein. fifty
    [2]
    2. The method according to π. 1, with the fact that the liquid piston has a length of 0.2-2.0 m and a speed of 100300 m / s.
    [3]
    3. The method according to PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that the liquid piston is directed to collide with the bottom of the drill hole.
    [4]
    4. The method according to PP. 1-3, characterized in that the liquid piston is directed into the drill hole through a pipe or hose inserted into it.
    [5]
    5. The method according to PP. 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that the liquid piston is partially or partially deflected in the transverse direction to collide with a part of the wall of the drill hole.
    [6]
    6. The method according to PP. 4-5, characterized in that the pipe or hose is inserted into the drill hole with its outlet end and placed in the immediate vicinity of the bottom of the drill hole.
    [7]
    7. The method according to PP. 1-6, characterized in that they form a liquid in the form of a liquid piston with a diameter of 70-100% of the diameter of the well.
    [8]
    8. A device for breaking rocks, including a chamber for accumulating relatively incompressible fluid, in particular water, and a device for accelerating fluid in the form of an elongated shock heat, having a chamber for accumulating compressed gas, characterized in that it is provided connected to the chamber with liquid by a pipe or hose, the internal cross section of which is 70-100% of the free diameter of the cross section of the drill hole, and an adjusting device associated with the pipe or hose to locate it one end in a straight line with the drill hole.
    [9]
    9. Device pop. 8, characterized in that the pipe or hose at the output end is connected to the deflector insert to deflect the fluid piston in the transverse direction to the wall of the drill hole.
    [10]
    10. The device according to p. 9, characterized in that the pipe or hose and the deflector insert are made in the form of a single unit with a side outlet
    [11]
    11. The device according to paragraphs. 8-U, characterized in that the pipe or hose is equipped with venting means for discharging the volume of air in front of the moving fluid piston in the pipe or hose.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR2326567B1|1982-10-29|
    MX144163A|1981-09-08|
    DE2641453C3|1985-02-07|
    CS216697B2|1982-11-26|
    ZA765371B|1978-04-26|
    IT1073734B|1985-04-17|
    NO142926B|1980-08-04|
    ATA691676A|1978-07-15|
    BE846166A|1976-12-31|
    NL7610365A|1977-03-22|
    US4123108A|1978-10-31|
    PL117135B1|1981-07-31|
    DE2641453B2|1980-07-10|
    DE2641453A1|1977-03-24|
    JPS6015800B2|1985-04-22|
    SE395503B|1977-08-15|
    JPS5263101A|1977-05-25|
    FI762640A|1977-03-20|
    HU175873B|1980-11-28|
    AU1786576A|1978-03-23|
    BR7606186A|1977-06-14|
    NO763009L|1977-03-22|
    CH613252A5|1979-09-14|
    FR2326567A1|1977-04-29|
    ES451547A1|1977-12-01|
    GB1526528A|1978-09-27|
    NO142926C|1980-11-12|
    CA1090378A|1980-11-25|
    SE7510559L|1977-03-20|
    AT348465B|1979-02-26|
    DD126127A5|1977-06-22|
    IN145606B|1978-11-18|
    AU516611B2|1981-06-11|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE7510559A|SE395503B|1975-09-19|1975-09-19|KIT AND DEVICE FOR BREAKING A SOLID MATERIAL|
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